The signs of food poisoning can mimic other maladies, such as flu. Senior adults are especially vulnerable to complications, so knowing the symptoms is essential to taking action and preventing serious health repercussions.
Food poisoning happens when you eat food or drink water that’s been contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses or toxins. It’s more common than you might think – millions of people get it every year. Most cases are mild and go away on their own, but it’s important to recognize the signs so you can take care of yourself.
Symptoms
The symptoms of food poisoning can start within hours or take a few days to appear, depending on the cause. The most common signs include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea (often watery or even bloody)
- Stomach cramps or pain
- Fever
- Headache or muscle aches
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue or weakness
Symptoms usually last from a few hours to days. In most cases, your body will recover with rest, fluids, and time.
When to see a doctor
Sometimes, food poisoning can be serious. Seek medical help if you notice:
- High fever (over 101.5 F or 38.6 C)
- Bloody diarrhea
- Signs of dehydration like dry mouth, dizziness, or very little urine
- Vomiting for more than two days
- Diarrhea for more than three days
- Severe abdominal pain or swelling
Older adults as well as young children, pregnant people, and those with weakened immune systems are more at risk of complications.
How it happens
Food poisoning is often caused by bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, or Listeria. It can also come from viruses or parasites. Contaminated foods might look and taste normal, which is why it’s important to handle, cook and store food safely.
Foods most commonly linked to food poisoning
- Raw or undercooked eggs, seafood, meats and poultry
- Unpasteurized dairy products
- Raw sprouts (like alfalfa or bean sprouts)
- Unwashed fruits and vegetables
- Ready-to-eat deli meats
- Improperly stored or reheated leftovers
Protect yourself
To reduce your risk of food poisoning, wash your hands and cooking surfaces often, keep raw meat separate from other foods, cook to proper temperatures, and refrigerate leftovers right away.
The bottom line
Knowing the signs can help you take quick action and feel better faster – and knowing when to call a doctor can protect your health in more serious cases.
Reprinted with permission from Environmental Nutrition, a monthly publication of Belvoir Media Group, LLC. 800-829-5384. www.EnvironmentalNutrition.com.
©2025 Belvoir Media Group. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.
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