Older adults face higher risks from the flu, including more severe symptoms, hospitalization, and even death. Fortunately, there are steps they can take to stay safe in flu season and guard their overall health.
With flu season upon us, adults age 65 and older face a higher risk of complications. The combination of a naturally aging immune system and common chronic conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and lung disorders, means older adults are more likely to experience severe symptoms, hospitalization, or a prolonged recovery if they get influenza. Despite the risks, seniors can take practical steps to protect themselves and stay healthier through the winter months.
One of the strongest tools for reducing risk remains the flu shot, recommended for everyone age six months and older. For seniors, enhanced vaccines such as high-dose flu shots or adjuvanted flu shots (an added ingredient helps your body create a stronger and longer-lasting immunity) are often preferred because they stimulate a stronger immune response.
Vaccines to stay safe in flu season
For older adults, the high-dose flu vaccine is designed to improve protection by including four times the antigen of the standard version. Research shows that enhanced vaccines reduce flu illness, doctor visits, and hospitalizations in seniors.
As Dr. Greg Whisman, Chief Medical Officer at CareMore Health, explains, “High-dose flu vaccination for seniors has been shown to reduce the chances of getting the flu by up to 50 percent while also decreasing the chances of being hospitalized if they get the flu by 50 percent.”
He adds that this matters because older adults do not respond to standard vaccines as strongly. “Older adults’ immune systems are not as strong as those under 65, a process called immunosenescence. Considering this and seniors’ prevalence of underlying chronic diseases, they tend to get sicker more often and to get worse symptoms than younger people.”
When to get vaccinated
The ideal time for seniors to get vaccinated is early fall, typically September or October, so immunity is strongest during the peak flu months of December through February. However, late vaccination can still be helpful. Flu activity often extends beyond winter.
“The vaccine is typically effective for four to six months,” Whisman notes. “The ideal timing is in September and October. However, getting it later in the season still provides coverage for that peak season and the cases that come well after.”
Healthy habits that support immunity
Vaccination is the foundation, seniors can stay safe in flu season through practicing daily habits that strengthen the body’s defense against viruses.
- Regular exercise. Moderate activity, such as walking, can enhance immune function. Aiming for about 150 minutes per week is a reasonable goal for many older adults.
- Quality sleep. A consistent sleep schedule helps the immune system respond more effectively to infections.
- Hand hygiene. Frequent handwashing is a simple, proven way to reduce the spread of viruses.
- Adequate vitamin D. Many older adults benefit from supplementation or safe sunlight exposure, since vitamin D plays a role in immune response.
- Targeted supplements. Whisman notes that some supplements may help when used correctly. “Zinc lozenges at first symptoms can decrease durations of routine colds and may help with influenza,” he says, while other popular remedies have limited evidence. “There is no concrete evidence that vitamin C, elderberry, or echinacea have an effect on those with flu in well-nourished people.”
When symptoms begin
Early treatment is especially important for seniors. At the first sign of flu symptoms, rest and hydration should be the top priorities.
A Canadian study published in February 2025 shows that adults 65 and older are less likely to die if they take Tamiflu (oseltamivir) during influenza hospitalizations.
This antiviral medication can shorten the course of flu when taken promptly, advises Dr. Joseph Feldman.
Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and some cough remedies may help ease symptoms, but seniors should consult a healthcare professional first to avoid medication interactions and complications.
Warning signs that require immediate care
Some symptoms in older adults may indicate serious complications that require urgent medical attention. These include:
- Difficulty keeping down fluids or medications
- Significant weakness or worsening lethargy
- Shortness of breath, especially if speaking requires pauses
- Rapidly worsening breathing or labored breaths
These red flags may signal pneumonia, dehydration, or other dangerous complications.
Once the worst of the illness has passed, recovery should be gradual. Older adults often regain strength slowly, and rest continues to be important. Gentle movement, nourishing meals, and hydration all support a smoother recovery.
How loved ones can protect seniors
Family members and caregivers can also help reduce a senior’s exposure to flu. One key step is making sure everyone in close contact gets vaccinated. People with respiratory symptoms who need to be around an older adult should take precautions.
Whisman emphasizes that masking still plays a role in protecting others. “A surgical mask is effective at protecting others from your personal germs. Wearing one when you are ill protects others from you.”
To stay safe in flu season, a layered approach is the best defense
For older adults, staying healthy this flu season requires multiple layers of protection: a high-dose vaccine, good daily habits, prompt medical care when needed, and support from the people around them. These strategies not only lower the risk of serious illness but also help seniors stay active, independent, and well throughout the colder months.
